A pyrolysis tube furnace is a specialized device used for high-temperature pyrolysis (decomposition of materials in the absence or absence of oxygen). It is widely used in fields such as materials science, energy, and environmental engineering, including biomass conversion, carbon material preparation, and waste treatment. The following is a detailed explanation of the pyrolysis tube furnace:

1. Core Structure and Features
   Furnace Tube Materials:

Quartz tube: Suitable for temperatures ≤1200°C (transparent, allowing for easy observation of the reaction process).

Corundum tube (Al₂O₃): High-temperature resistant up to 1600°C, with strong thermal shock resistance.

Graphite tube: Suitable for ultra-high temperatures (above 1800°C) or reducing atmospheres.

Heating System:

Resistance heating (silicon carbon rods, silicon molybdenum rods) or induction heating. A multi-temperature zone design (e.g., 3-5 zones) ensures temperature uniformity (±2°C).

Gas Control:

Inert gas (N₂, Ar) or reducing gas (H₂) is introduced to prevent sample oxidation; a vacuum system (10⁻³ mbar) is optional.

Sealing:

Metal seals or O-rings (high-temperature resistant) are used at the flange interface to ensure an oxygen-free environment.

2. Typical Applications
   Carbon Material Preparation:

Biomass pyrolysis to produce biochar and activated carbon.

Carbonization of polymers (e.g., PAN) to produce carbon fibers.

Energy Materials:

Synthesis of lithium battery anode materials (e.g., graphene, hard carbon).

Pyrolysis and recycling of waste battery materials (e.g., decomposition of cathode materials).

Environmental Engineering:

Pyrolysis and oil production or gasification of plastic/rubber waste.

Pyrolysis and reduction of sludge.

3. Key Parameter Selection
   Temperature Range:

Conventional: 300-1200°C; Ultra-High Temperature: 1200-1800°C (requires special heating elements).

Furnace Tube Dimensions:

Diameter (Φ50-200mm) x Length (500-1500mm), which affects sample capacity and pyrolysis efficiency.

Heating Rate:

Rapid heating (10-50°C/min) is suitable for scientific research, while slower heating (1-5°C/min) is suitable for industrial production.

Atmosphere Control:

Static (closed system) or dynamic (continuous airflow) pyrolysis modes are available.

4. Example Operational Procedure (Biomass Pyrolysis)
   Sample Loading: Place biomass powder in a quartz boat and push it into the constant temperature zone of the furnace tube.

Seal and Purge: Flow Ar gas for 10-15 minutes to remove air.

Programmed Temperature: Raise the temperature at 10°C/min to the target temperature (e.g., 500-800°C) and hold for 1-2 hours.

Cooling: Turn off heating and continue flowing Ar gas to room temperature to prevent product oxidation.

Collection: Remove solid products (e.g., biochar) and collect liquid products (tar) by condensation.

5. Safety and Maintenance
   Explosion-proof Design: Pyrolysis may produce flammable gases (such as CH₄ and CO), requiring an exhaust gas combustion or adsorption device.

Cleaning and Maintenance: Regularly clean carbon deposits inside the furnace tubes to prevent them from interfering with heat conduction.

Thermocouple Calibration: Thermocouples are prone to drift at high temperatures and require regular calibration.

6. Common Problems and Solutions
   Product Coking: Optimize the heating rate or lower the final temperature.

Uneven Temperature: Check the heating element for deterioration and adjust the sample position.

Gas Leakage: Replace the sealing ring and check the flange bolt torque.

Pyrolysis Tube Furnace Technical Parameters

Model	Max temperature	Heating zone length	Constant temperature zone length	Power and voltage	Furnace tube size	Dimensions
YXG-1200-A1	1200℃	200mm	60mm	1.5kW/AC220V	φ30/50*500mm	800*340*400mm
YXG-1200-A2	1200℃	440mm	120mm	3kW/AC220V	φ30/100*1000mm	1120*480*530mm
YXG-1200II-200	1200℃	200+200mm	200mm	3KW/AC220V	φ30/100*1000mm	1100*420*560mm
YXG-120OIII-200	1200℃	3*200mm	3*60mm	4.5KW/AC220V	φ30/100*1000mm	1400*420*560mm
YXG-1400-400	1400℃	400mm	120mm	5kW/AC220V	φ30/100*1000mm	1200*500*660mm
YXG-140OIl-200	1400℃	200+200mm	200mm	5kW/AC220V	φ30/100*1000mm	1200*500*660mm
YXG-1700-290	1700℃	290mm	80mm	6kW/AC220V	φ30/100*1000mm	1300*640*870mm

Pyrolysis Tube Furnace Video

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